Mandarin Learning about Brewing Black Tea
- Mabol Mei Zhong
- Oct 21, 2016
- 6 min read
Hello everyone, nice to meet you again. 嗨，大家好，很高兴又和大家见面了。Last lesson we learned 茶， today we are going to learn 泡茶。 [Hello everyone, nice to meet you again. hāi ，dà jiā hǎo ，hěn gāo xìng yòu hé dà jiā jiàn miàn le 。Last lesson we learned chá ， today we are going to learn pào chá 。] 您知道这是什么茶吗？ 看起来黑乎乎的。是黑茶？ No. This is black tea, in China we also call it red tea, 红茶。准确的说，这是滇红，即云南红茶。 滇红主要产自临沧，思茅，西双版纳，保山等地。又因为品种和生态环境要求，以及成熟的生产工艺，优质的滇红仍然源自临沧凤庆，云县，昌宁等。 [nǐn zhī dào zhè shì shén me chá ma？ kàn qǐ lái hēi hū hū de 。shì hēi chá ？ No. This is black tea, in China we also call it red tea, hóng chá 。zhǔn què de shuō ，zhè shì diān hóng ，jí yún nán hóng chá 。 diān hóng zhǔ yào chǎn zì lín cāng ，sī máo ，xī shuāng bǎn nà ，bǎo shān děng dì 。 yīn wèi pǐn zhǒng hé shēng tài huán jìng yāo qiú， yǐ jí chéng shú de shēng chǎn gōng yì ，yōu zhì de diān hóng réng rán yuán zì lín cāng fèng qìng ，yún xiàn ，chāng níng děng 。] 1 温杯洁具[wēn bēi jié jù] 客来敬茶，一杯清茶待客，很简单的过程，却折射出很多人生的智慧和茶人的修为。 [kè lái jìng chá ，yī bēi qīng chá dāi kè ，hěn jiǎn dān de guò chéng ，què zhé shè chū hěn duō rén shēng de zhì huì hé chá rén de xiū wéi 。] 泡茶之前，首先要保证茶具洁净，尤其是久置未用的茶具，难免沾上灰尘、污垢，温杯以洁具，表示对客人的重视和尊敬。另外，用开水预热后的茶壶、茶杯，也能更好地保持茶汤的香气和滋味。冷杯装茶，茶汤温度容易急降，从而将茶汤的苦涩味激发出来，影响品饮乐趣。 [pào chá zhī qián ，shǒu xiān yāo bǎo zhèng chá jù jié jìng ，yóu qí shì jiǔ zhì wèi yòng de chá jù ，nán miǎn zhān shǎng huī chén 、wū gòu ，wēn bēi yǐ jié jù ，biǎo shì duì kè rén de zhòng shì hé zūn jìng 。lìng wài ，yòng kāi shuǐ yù rè hòu de chá hú 、chá bēi ，yě néng gēng hǎo de bǎo chí chá tāng de xiāng qì hé zī wèi 。lěng bēi zhuāng chá ，chá tāng wēn dù róng yì jí jiàng ，cóng ér jiāng chá tāng de kǔ sè wèi jī fā chū lái ，yǐng xiǎng pǐn yǐn lè qù 。] 2 投茶[tóu chá] 将茶荷中的茶叶分三次投入盖碗中。 [jiāng chá hé zhòng de chá yè fēn sān cì tóu rù gài wǎn zhōng 。] 3 洗茶[xǐ chá] 通过快速的洗茶，倒去茶汤，洗去茶叶可能带有的灰尘，更便于充分提香。或许您会问，“为什么将茶叶分三次投入盖碗呢？”，“三次”就是“三点头”，表示对客人的尊敬。 [tōng guò kuài sù de xǐ chá ，dǎo qù chá tāng ，xǐ qù chá yè kě néng dài yǒu de huī chén ，gēng biàn yú chōng fèn tí xiāng 。huò xǔ nǐn huì wèn ，“wèi shén me jiāng chá yè fēn sān cì tóu rù gài wǎn ne ？”，“sān cì ” jiù shì “sān diǎn tóu ”，biǎo shì duì kè rén de zūn jìng 。] 4 出汤[chū tāng] 将开水再一次冲入盖碗中，并在等候的过程中，将温杯的热水倒去。然后再将茶汤倒入公道杯1中。 [jiāng kāi shuǐ zài yī cì chōng rù gài wǎn zhōng ，bìng zài děng hòu de guò chéng zhōng ，jiāng wēn bēi de rè shuǐ dǎo qù 。rán hòu zài jiāng chá tāng dǎo rù gōng dào bēi zhōng 。] 5 分茶[fēn chá] 将茶汤等量地倒入每一个品茗杯中,以示公平。在冲泡功夫茶时，特别是在福建，广东地区，我们也称其为关公巡城，韩信点兵2。 [jiāng chá tāng děng liáng de dǎo rù měi yī gè pǐn míng bēi zhōng，yǐ shì gōng píng 。zài chōng pāo gōng fu chá shí ，tè bié shì zài fú jiàn ，guǎng dōng dì qū ，wǒ men yě chèn qí wéi guān gōng xún chéng ，hán xìn diǎn bīng 。] 6 鉴赏茶汤[jiàn shǎng chá tāng] 滇红汤色红艳明亮、香高味浓、滋润甘甜、持久耐泡。其属于全发酵的茶，茶性温和，老少皆宜，长期饮用，有益身心健康。 [diān hóng tāng sè hóng yàn míng liàng 、xiāng gāo wèi nóng 、zī rùn gān tián 、chí jiǔ nài pāo 。qí shǔ yú quán fā jiào de chá ，chá xìng wēn hé ，lǎo shào jiē yí ，cháng qī yǐn yòng ，yǒu yì shēn xīn jiàn kāng 。]
注解： 1 公道杯[gōng dào bēi] fair cup or serving mug 公道杯也称茶海、茶盅，用来盛放茶汤，使茶汤浓度相近、滋味一致,并起到沉淀茶渣的作用。再把茶汤分倒各品茗杯中，使每只茶杯分到的茶水一样多,以示一视同仁。 [gōng dào bēi yě chèn chá hǎi 、chá zhōng ，yòng lái shèng fàng chá tāng ，shǐ chá tāng nóng dù xiāng jìn 、zī wèi yī zhì ,bìng qǐ dào chén diàn chá zhā de zuò yòng 。zài bǎ chá tāng fēn dǎo gè pǐn míng bēi zhōng ，shǐ měi zhǐ chá bēi fēn dào de chá shuǐ yī yàng duō ,yǐ shì yī shì tóng rén 。] 公道杯, serving cup, literally mean fair cup or fair mu. It is the utensil ensures that every guest can drink the tea with same concentration, and amount. So it is fair to everybody
2 关公巡城，韩信点兵[guān gōng xún chéng ，hán xìn diǎn bīng] "General Guan patrolling the city" "General Han Xin calling roll
巡城和点兵均是军事术语。巡城”本指指军事指挥官检查城池防地的防御工事、武裝设备和军队战斗力的工作。“点兵”则是阅兵、点算兵员狀況和激励士气的工作。 [xún chéng hé diǎn bīng jūn shì jūn shì shù yǔ 。xún chéng ”běn zhǐ zhǐ jūn shì zhǐ huī guān jiǎn chá chéng chí fáng de de fáng yù gōng shì 、wǔ zhuāng shè bèi hé jūn duì zhàn dòu lì de gōng zuò 。“diǎn bīng ”zé shì yuè bīng 、diǎn suàn bīng yuán 狀況hé jī lì shì qì de gōng zuò 。 zài mǐn nán dì qū hé cháo shàn dì qū de gōng fu chá zhōng ，zhè liǎng gè chéng yǔ bèi xǔ xǔ rú shēng de yìng yòng dào liǎo chá yì zhōng 。] 在闽南地区和潮汕地区的功夫茶中，这两个成语被栩栩如生的应用到了茶艺中。 关公巡城:循环低斟茶汤,茶壶似巡城之关羽。在冲泡功夫茶的时候，把四个茶杯紧靠在一起，用茶壶沿著四个小杯打转地注入茶汤，目的是要把茶水的份量和滋味均匀地分配给四只杯子，而低斟是为不使香气过多散失。 [guān gōng xún chéng :xún huán dī zhēn chá tāng ,chá hú sì xún chéng zhī guān yǔ 。zài chōng pāo gōng fu chá de shí hou ，bǎ sì gè chá bēi jǐn kào zài yī qǐ ，yòng chá hú yán zhù sì gè xiǎo bēi dǎ zhuàn de zhù rù chá tāng ，mù dì shì yāo bǎ chá shuǐ de fèn liang hé zī wèi jūn yún de fēn pèi gěi sì zhǐ bēi zi ，ér dī zhēn shì wéi bù shǐ xiāng qì guò duō sàn shī 。] 当壶中的茶汤几乎倒尽时，没有了水柱，壶中剩余的茶汤只能在重力作用下，从壶嘴里滴出，此时也是茶汤最浓时，因而涓滴不弃，将茶汁的精华，滴滴均匀的分到各品茗杯中。 这个手法就被称作了“韩信点兵”。 dāng hú zhòng dì chá tāng jī hū dǎo jǐn shí ，méi yǒu le shuǐ zhù ，hú zhōng shèng yú de chá tāng zhǐ néng zài zhòng lì zuò yòng xià ，cóng hú zuǐ lǐ dī chū ，cǐ shí yě shì chá tāng zuì nóng shí ，yīn ér juān dī bù qì ，jiāng chá zhī de jīng huá ，dī dī jūn yún de fēn dào gè pǐn míng bēi zhōng 。 zhè ge shǒu fǎ jiù bèi chēng zuò le “hán xìn diǎn bīng ”。 关公巡城，韩信点兵 sound more like military terms. But they are actually two terms used in making kung fu tea vividly, especially in Fu Jian and Guang Zhou city. When dividing tea, we put cups put side by side, and pour tea into each one without stop, and the tea pot is just like General Guan Gong, who is patrolling the city. At the end of dividing process, when there is no more enough tea flows out of the teapot,we consider the rest infusion in tea pot are the essence, and shall drop it into the cups in turns, which reminds us of the story about General Han Xin calling roll.